Abele, S. E. 2010. Gastropod diversity in the boreal mixedwood forest of northern Alberta – variation among forest types and response to partial harvesting. MSc. Thesis, Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta.

Abele, S.E., S.E. Macdonald and J.R. Spence. 2014. Cover type, environmental characteristics and conservation of terrestrial gastropod diversity in boreal mixedwood forests. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 44: 36–44.

Amos, J. J. 2019. Habitat Use in Undisturbed Forest and the Effect of Variable Retention Harvesting on Pollinator Assemblages (Apoidea, Syrphidae) in the Boreal Forest of Alberta. MSc. University of Alberta, Department of Renewable Resources.

Bartels, S.F., R. James, R. Caners, S.E. Macdonald. 2019. Depth-to-water mediates bryophyte response to harvesting in boreal forests. Journal of Applied Ecology 56: 1256-1266. Doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13359

Bartels, S.F., R.T. Caners, J. Ogilvie, B. White, and S.E. Macdonald. 2018. Relating bryophyte assemblages to remotely-sensed depth-to-water in boreal mixedwood forest. Frontiers in Plant Science 9: article 858. doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.00858

Bartels, S.F., S.E. Macdonald, D. Johnson, R.T. Caners, J.R. Spence. 2018. Bryophyte abundance, diversity, and composition after retention harvest in boreal mixedwood forest: evidence from the EMEND experiment. Journal of Applied Ecology 55: 947-957.

Bartels, S.F., S.E. Macdonald. 2023. Dynamics and recovery of forest understory biodiversity over 17 years following varying levels of retention harvesting. Journal of Applied Ecology 60: 725-736. doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.14366

Bergeron, C. 2012. Fire history, landscape biodiversity and indicators for sustainable management of the boreal mixedwood forest. MSc Thesis, University of Alberta.

Bergeron, C.J.A., Spence, J.R., Jan, W., Volney, A. 2011. Landscape patterns of species-level association between ground-beetles and overstory trees in boreal forests of western Canada (Coleoptera, Carabidae). ZooKeys 147: 577-600.

Bergeron, J.A.C., J. Pinzon, S. Odsen, S. Bartels, S.E. Macdonald, J.R. Spence. 2017. Ecosystem memory of wildfires affects multi-taxa biodiversity resilience in boreal mixedwood forest after retention harvest. Oikos 12: 1738-1747.

Bergeron, J.A.C., J.R. Spence, W.J.A. Volney, J. Pinzon & D.J. Hartley. 2013. Effect of habitat type and pitfall trap installation on captures of epigeaic arthropod assemblages in the boreal forest. The Canadian Entomologist, 145(5): 547-565 (https://doi.org/10.4039/tce.2013.38).

Blanchet, F. G., Bergeron, J. C., Spence, J. R., & He, F. 2013. Landscape effects of disturbance, habitat heterogeneity and spatial autocorrelation for a ground beetle (Carabidae) assemblage in mature boreal forest. Ecography, 36(5), 636-647.

Blanchet, F. G., Legendre, P., Bergeron, J. C., & He, F. 2014. Consensus RDA across dissimilarity coefficients for canonical ordination of community composition data. Ecological Monographs, 84(3), 491-511.

Bodeux, B.B. 2012. Impacts of aggregated retention harvesting on the diversity patterns of nocturnal moth species assemblages in the mixedwood boreal forest of northwestern Alberta.

Bourassa, S., Wood, C.M. 2011. First Record of Diacheila Arctica Amoena (Faldermann) (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in Alberta, Canada.. Coleopterists Bulletin, 65(2):144-145..

Buddle, C., and Shorthouse, D. 2008. Effects of experimental harvesting on spider (Araneae) assemblages in boreal deciduous forests. Canadian Entomologist 140: 437-452.

Caners, R. T. 2010. Conservation and ecology of bryophytes in partially harvested boreal mixed-wood forests of west-central Canada. MSc Thesis, University of Alberta.

Caners, R., S.E. Macdonald and R. Belland. 2009. Recolonization potential of bryophyte diaspore banks in harvested mixedwood boreal forest. Plant Ecology 204: 55-68.

Caners, R., S.E. Macdonald and R. Belland. 2010. Responses of boreal epiphytic bryophytes to different levels of partial canopy harvesting. Botany 88: 315-328. [open access]

Caners, R.T., S. E. Macdonald and R.J. Belland. 2013. Linking the biological traits of boreal bryophytes to forest habitat change after partial harvesting. Forest Ecology & Management 303: 184-194. [open access]

Caners, R.T., S. E. Macdonald, R. J. Belland. 2013. Bryophyte assemblage structure after partial harvesting in boreal mixedwood forest depends on residual canopy abundance and composition. Forest Ecology & Management 289: 489-500.

Cardou, F., A. Munson, L. Boisvert-Marsh, M. Anand, A. Arsenault, W. Bell, Y. Bergeron, I. Boulangeat, S. Delagrange, N. Fenton, D. Gravel, B. Hamel, F. Hébert, J. Johnstone, B. Kumordzi, S.E. Macdonald, A. Mallik, A. McIntosh, J. McLaren, C. Messier, D. Morris, J.W. Shipley, L. Sirois, N. Thiffault, I. Aubin. 2022. Above- and belowground drivers of intraspecific trait variability across subcontinental gradients for five ubiquitous forest plants in North America. Journal of Ecology 110: 1590-1605. doi: 10.1111/1365-2745.13894

Cartar, R. 2005. Short-term effects of experimental boreal forest logging disturbance on bumble bees, bumble bee-pollinated flowers and the bee-flower match. Biodiversity and Conservation 14: 1895-1907.

Chavez Varela, V. 2010. Patterns and causes of variation in understory plant diversity and composition in mature boreal mixedwood forest stands of western Canada.

Chavez, V. and S.E. Macdonald. 2010. Understory species interactions in mature boreal understory plant communities. Botany 88: 912-922.

Chavez, V., and S.E. Macdonald. 2010. The influence of canopy patch mosaics on understory plant community composition in boreal mixedwood forest. Forest Ecology and Management 259: 1067-1075.

Chavez, V., and S.E. Macdonald. 2012. Partitioning vascular understory diversity in boreal mixedwood forests: the importance of mixed canopies for diversity conservation. Forest Ecology and Management 271: 19-26.

Craig, A. 2008. The effects of variable retention harvesting on understory vegetation in the mixedwood boreal forest in northwestern Alberta. M.Sc. Thesis, Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta. 130 pp.

Craig, A., S.E. Macdonald. 2009. Threshold effects of variable retention harvesting on understory plant communities in the boreal mixedwood forest. Forest Ecology and Management 258: 2619-2627.

Diaz-Aguilar, I. 2013. Structure, composition and trophic ecology of forest floor predatory mites (Mesostigmata) from the boreal mixedwood forest of northwestern Alberta. PhD. University of Alberta, Department of Renewable Resources.

Diaz-Aguilar, I., and Ujvari, Z. 2010. New zerconid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Zerconidae) from Canada, with a review of the genus Mixozercon Halašková, 1963. Zootaxa 2555: 1–29.

Diaz-Aguilar, I., Sylvie A. Quideau, Heather C. Proctor, Barbara E. Kishchuk, John R. Spence. 2013. Influence of stand composition on predatory mite (Mesostigmata) assemblages from the forest floor in western Canadian boreal mixedwood forests. Forest Ecology and Management 309:105-114 (in press).

Domahidi, Z. 2018. Distribution and breeding ecology of boreal and northern saw-whet owls in the Boreal forests of Alberta, Canada. MSc Thesis, University of Alberta.

Domahidi, Z., Nielsen, S.E., Bayne, E.M., 2020. Boreal Owl (Aegolius funereus) and Northern Saw-whet Owl (Aegolius acadicus) breeding records in managed boreal forests. The Canadian Field Naturalist. 134(2).https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v134i2.2146

Echiverri, L., S.E. Macdonald. 2019. Utilizing a topographic moisture index to characterize understory vegetation patterns in the boreal forest. Forest Ecology & Management 447: 35-52. doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2019.05.054

Echiverri, L., S.E. Macdonald. 2020. A topographic moisture index explains understory vegetation response to retention harvesting. Forest Ecology & Management 474: article 118358 doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118358

Echiverri, L.F.I. 2017. Identifying understory diversity and resilience patterns with the depthto-water index in boreal mixedwood forests. MSc. University of Alberta, Department of Renewable Resources.

Fedrowitz, K., J. Koricheva, S.C. Baker, D.B. Lindenmayer, B. Palik, P. Rosenbald, W. Beese, J.F. Franklin, J. Kouki, E. Macdonald, C. Messier, A. Sverdrup-Thygeson, L. Gustafsson. 2014. Can retention forestry help conserve biodiversity? A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Ecology 51: 1669-1679.

Fenniak, Treena. 2001. Response of environmental variables and understory vegetation to various intensities of harvesting at the EMEND site, northern Alberta. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Alberta. 117 pp.

Franklin, C. 2018. Effectiveness of Retention Harvesting for Biodiversity Conservation: Evidence for Understory Vegetation and Wildlife. PhD Thesis, University of Alberta.

Franklin, C., S.E. Macdonald, and S.E. Nielsen. 2018. Combining aggregated and dispersed green-tree retention harvesting for conservation of vascular plant communities. Ecological Applications 28(7): 1830-1840 doi.org/10.1002/eap.1774

Franklin, C., S.E. Macdonald, S.E. Nielsen. 2019. Can retention harvests help conserve wildlife? Evidence for vertebrate species in the boreal forest. Ecosphere /doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2632

Franklin, C., S.E. Nielsen, S.E. Macdonald. 2019. Understory vascular plant responses to retention harvesting with and without prescribed fire. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 49: 1087-1100. doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2018-0288

Garcia-Tejero, S., Spence, J. R., O’Halloran, J., Bourassa, S., & Oxbrough, A. 2018. Natural succession and clearcutting as drivers of environmental heterogeneity and beta diversity in North American boreal forests. PLoS One, 13(11), e0206931.

Harrison, B. 2002. Stand-level response of boreal forest songbirds to experimental partial-cut harvest in northwestern Alberta. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Alberta. 116 pp.

Harrison, B., F.K.A. Schmiegelow and R. Naidoo. 2005. Stand-level response of breeding forest songbirds to multiple levels of partial-cut harvest in four boreal forest types. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35: 1553-1567.

Hogberg, L., Krista Patriquin, and Robert Barclay. 2002. Use by bats of patches of residual trees in logged areas of the boreal forest. American Midland Naturalist 148: 282-288.

Jacobs, J. 2004. Saproxylic beetle assemblages in the boreal mixedwood of Alberta: succession, wildfire and variable retention forestry. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Alberta. 124 pp.

Jacobs, J.M., Bergeron, C.J.A., Work, T.T., Spence, J.R. 2011. Low intensity surface fire instigates movement by adults of Calosoma frigidum (Coleoptera, Carabidae). ZooKeys 147: 641-649.

Jacobs, J.M., John R. Spence and David W. Langor. 2007. Influence of boreal forest succession and dead wood qualities on saproxylic beetles. Agricultural and Forest Entomology 9, 3-16.

Jacobs, J.M., Spence, John R.; Langor, David W. 2007. Variable retention harvest of white spruce stands and saproxylic beetle assemblages. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 37:1631-164210.1139/X07-020

Jacobs, J.M., Work, T.T., Spence, J.R., Penev, L., Erwin, T., Assmann, T. 2008. Influences of succession and harvest intensity on ground beetle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) populations in the boreal mixed-wood forests of Alberta, Canada: species matter. Back to the Roots and Back to the Future: Towards a New Synthesis Amongst Taxonomic, Ecological and Biogeographical Approaches in Carabidology, Proceedings of the XIII European Carabidologists Meeting, Blagoevgrad, Aug. 202-24, 2007; pp. 425-450.

Kamunya, E.W. 2012. Conservation of boreal moth communities in the mixedwood boreal forests of northwestern Alberta: Impacts of green tree retention and slash-burning. University of Alberta, Department of Renewable Resources.

Kembel, S.W., Dale, M.R.T. 2006. Within-stand spatial structure and relation of boreal canopy and understorey vegetation. Journal of Vegetation Science 17: 783-790.

Kembel, Steve W. 2001. Small-scale spatial patterns of boreal mixedwood forest vegetation. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Alberta. 87pp.

Kumordzi, B., I. Aubin, F. Cardou, B. Shipley, C. Violle, J. Johnstone, M. Anand, A. Arsenault, W. Bell, Y. Bergeron, I. Boulangeat, M. Brousseau, L. de Grandpré, S. Delagrange, N. Fenton, D. Gravel, S.E. Macdonald, B. Hamel, M. Higelin, F. Hebert, N. Isabel, A. Mallik, A. McIntosh, J. McLaren, C. Messier, D. Morris, N. Thiffault, J.-P. Tremblay, A. Munson. 2019. Geographic scale and disturbance influence intraspecific trait variability in leaves and roots of North American understory plants. Functional Ecology 33: 1771-1784 doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.13402

Langor, D.W., H.E.J. Hammond, J.R. Spence, J. Jacobs, T. Cobb. 2008. Saproxylic insect assemblages in Canadian forests: diversity, ecology, and conservation. Canadian Entomologist 140: 453-474.

Lee, S-I., D.W. Langor, J. Pinzon, G.R. Pohl, J.R. Spence, D.J. Hartley, T.T. Work, L. Wu. 2023. Rapid recovery of rove beetle (Staphylinidae) assemblages 16 years after variable retention harvest in the boreal mixedwood forest of western Canada. Ecological Applications, 2023(1), e06347 (http://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.06347).

Lee, S-II. 2016. Influence of variable retention and deadwood characteristics on saproxylic beetles in boreal white spruce stands. PhD. University of Alberta, Department of Renewable Resources.

Lee, S-II., Spence JR, Langor DW, Pinzon J. 2015. Retention patch size and conservation of saproxylic beetles in boreal white spruce stands. Forest Ecology and Management. 358:98-107.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2015.09.002

Lee, S-II., Spence, J.R., Langor, D.W. 2017. Combinations of aggregated and dispersed retention improved conservation of saproxylic beetles in boreal white spruce stand. Forest Ecology and Management.

Lee, S-Il., Spence, John R.; Langor, David W. 2018. Early colonization of white spruce deadwood by saproxylic beetles in aggregated and dispersed retention. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 48:1503-151410.1139/cjfr-2018-0104

Lindo, Z., and Visser, S. 2004. Forest floor microarthropod aundance and oribatid mite (Acari: Orbatida) composition following partial and clear-cut harvesting in the mixedwood boreal forest. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34:998-1006.

Longpré, F. 2011. Les effets des coupes forestières sur la diète des coléoptères en forêt boréale mixte/mémoire présenté comme exigence partielle de la maîtrise en biologie par Félix Longpré;[directeur de recherche, Timothy T. Work].

Macdonald, S.E. and T.E. Fenniak. 2007. Understory plant communities of boreal mixedwood forests in western Canada: natural patterns and response to variable-retention harvesting. Forest Ecology and Management 242: 34-48.

Macdonald, S.E., Cuthbertson, L., Frey, B., Fenniak, T., Lazaruk, L., Kembell, S., Mills, S., Lieffers, V., Dale, M., Mallet, K.I., Munson, A., Vitt, D. 2001. Pattern and Process in the Boreal Forest Understory. Sustainable Forest Management Network Project Report 2001-14.

Martin, R.A. 1998. Bunchberry (Cornus canadensis) growth and reproductive responses to disturabance in a managed boreal forest. MSc. University of British Columbia, Department of Forest Sciences.

Mills, S.E., and S.E. Macdonald. 2004. Predictors of moss and liverwort species diversity of microsites in conifer-dominated boreal forest. Journal of Vegetation Science 15: 189-198.

Mills, S.E., and S.E. Macdonald. 2005. Factors influencing bryophyte assemblage at different scales in the western Canadian boreal forest. The Bryologist 108: 86-101.

Mills, Suzanne E., and S.E. Macdonald. 2001. Bryophyte species composition and diversity at two scales in conifer-dominated boreal forest stands. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Alberta. 124 pp.

Morneau, Louis. 2002. Partial cutting impacts on moths and lepidopteran defoliators in a boreal mixedwood forest of Alberta. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Alberta. 138 pp.

Odsen S.G., Pinzon J, Schmiegelow FKA, Acorn JH, Spence JR. 2018. Boreal songbirds and variable retention management: a 15-year perspective on avian conservation and forestry. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 48:1495-1502. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2018-0203

Oxbrough, A & J. Pinzon. 2019. Advances in understanding forest ecosystem services: conserving biodiversity. In: J. A. Stanturf (Ed.), Achieving sustainable management of boreal and temperate forests. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, pp. 1-28.

Oxbrough, A., French, V., Irwin, S., Kelly, T. C., Smiddy, P., & O’Halloran, J. 2012. Can mixed species stands enhance arthropod diversity in plantation forests?. Forest Ecology and Management, 270, 11-18.

Park, J., Reid, M.L.. 2007. Distribution of a bark beetle, Trypodendron lineatum, in a harvested landscape. Forest Ecology and Management 242: 236?242.

Park, Jane. 2002. The Effects Of Resource Distribution And Spatial Scale On The Distribution Of Two Species Of Bark Beetle: Polygraphus rufipennis (Kirby) And Trypodendron lineatum (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). M.Sc. Thesis, University of Calgary. 104 pp.

Patriquin, K., and Barclay, R. 2003. Foraging by bats in cleared, thinned and unharvested boreal forest. Journal of Applied Ecology 40: 646-657.

Patriquin, K., Laureen K. Hogberg, Bryan J. Chruszcz, and Robert M. R. Barclay. 2003. The influence of habitat structure on the ability to detect ultrasound using bat detectors. Wildlife Society Bulletin 2003, 31(2): 475-48.

Patriquin, Krista. 2001. Ecology of a bat community in harvested boreal forest in northwestern Alberta. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta. 106 pp.

Pengelly, C.J., Cartar, R.V. 2010. Effects of variable retention logging in the boreal forest on the bumble bee-influenced pollination community, evaluated 8–9 years post-logging. Forest Ecology and Management 260(6):994-1002.

Pengelly, C.J., Cartar, R.V. 2011. Effect of boreal forest logging on nectar production of four understory herbs.. Forest Ecology and Management 261(11) 2068-2074.

Pinzon, J. 2011. Arañas en el bosque boreal: Imitando disturbios naturales como técnica de manejo sostenible (Spiders in the mixedwood boreal forest: Sustainable forest management by emulating natural disturbances). In: Flórez, E. & Perafán, C. (Eds.), Memorias III Congreso Latinoamericano de Aracnología. Sociedad Colombiana de Entomología, Sistecrom Ltda, pp. 24-34.

Pinzon, J. & J.R. Spence. 2013. Modelos de distribución de especies y hotspots de biodiversidad (Species distribution models and biodiversity hotspots). In: D. Rueda-Ramírez, E. Torrado-León & E.H. Becerra, Memorias Congreso Colombiano de Entomología. 40 Congreso Socolen. Sociedad Colombiana, Bogotá, pp. 281-293.

Pinzon, J. 2011. Composition and structure of spider assemblages in layers of the mixedwood boreal forest after variable retention harvest. PhD Dissertation. Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, pp. 613.

Pinzon, J., and Spence, J.R. 2008. Performance of two arboreal pitfall trap designs in sampling cursorial spiders from tree trunks. Journal of Arachnology 36:280-286.

Pinzon, J., and Spence, J.R. 2010. Bark-dwelling spider assemblages (Araneae) in the boreal forest: dominance, diversity, composition and life-histories. Journal of Insect Conservation, 14:439-458.

Pinzon, J., John R. Spence and David W. Langor. 2013. Diversity, richness and abundance patterns of spider assemblages in white spruce stands. The Canadian Entomologist, 145(1):61-76.

Pinzon, J., Spence, J.R., Langor, D.W. & Shorthouse, D.P. 2016. Ten‐year responses of ground‐dwelling spiders to retention harvest in the boreal forest. Ecological Applications, 26, 2579-2597

Pinzon, J., Spence, J.R., Langor, D.W. 2011. Spider Assemblages in the Overstory, Understory, and Ground Layers of Managed Stands in the Western Boreal Mixedwood Forest of Canada. Environmental Entomology 40:797-80810.1603/en11081

Pinzon, J., Spence, John R.; Langor, David W. 2012. Responses of ground-dwelling spiders (Araneae) to variable retention harvesting practices in the boreal forest. Forest Ecology and Management 266:42-53 10.1016/j.foreco.2011.10.045

Pinzon, J., Spence, John; Langor, David. 2013. Effects of prescribed burning and harvesting on ground-dwelling spiders in the Canadian boreal mixedwood forest. Biodiversity & Conservation 22:1513-153610.1007/s10531-013-0489-1

Pueyo, S., He, F. and Zillio, T.. 2007. The maximum entropy formalism and the idiosyncratic theory of biodiversity. Ecology Letters 10:1017?1028.

Pyper, M., Spence, J., and Langor, D. 2010. How retention patches influence biodiversity in cutblocks. Sustainable Forest Management Network Research Note Series No. 74.

Pyper, M.P. 2009. Retention patch characteristics and ground dwelling beetle diversity: implications for natural disturbance-based management (MSc dissertation, University of Alberta.

Robinne, F.-N., J.J. Stadt, C.W. Bater, C. Nock, S.E. Macdonald, S.E.Nielsen. 2020. Application of the conservation planning tool Zonation to inform retention planning in the boreal forest of Western Canada. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 8:584291 doi: 10.3389/fevo.2020.584291

Robinson, M., Nielsen, S.E., Eaton, B., Paszkowski, C. 2022. Effect of variable retention forestry on wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) in early successional boreal mixedwood forests. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 101(3), 172-188.

Robinson, M.P. 2016. Reproduction and abundance of the wood frog (Lithobates sylvaticus) in post-harvest variable retention forests. MSc Thesis. University of Alberta.

Schwarzfeld, M.D. 2013. Systematics and diversity of Ichneumonidae, with an emphasis on the taxonomically neglected genus Ophion Fabricius. PhD. University of Alberta, Department of Biological Sciences

Spence, J.R., Cartar, M. Reid, D.W. Langor, and W.J.A. Volney. 2003. Dynamics of arthropod assemblages in forests managed to emulate natural disturbance (BUGS). Sustainable Forest Management Network Final Project Report 2003-2.

Spence, J.R., J.A.C. Bergeron & J. Pinzon. 2020. Large-scale projects in support of education in forest science and management: the example of the EMEND Project. In: F. Krumm, A. Schuck & A. Rigling (Eds.), How to balance forestry and biodiversity conservation. European Forest Institute (EFI), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research (WSL), Birmendorf, pp. 434-439.

Spence, J.R., Langor, D.W., Jacobs, J.M., Work, T.T., Volney, W,J,A. 2008. Conservation of forest-dwelling arthropod species: simultaneous management of many small and heterogeneous risks. Canadian Journal of Entomology 140: 510-525.

Spence, John. 2001. The new boreal forestry: adjusting timber management to accommodate biodiversity. Trends in Ecology and Evoloution. 16: 591-593.

Wesley, J., D.J.M. Williams, D.W. Langor, and J.R. Spence. 2006. Spruce beetle (Coleopetera: Scolytidae) parasitoids: cephalic morphology of larvae and a key to species (Hymenoptera: Braconidae, Pteromalidae). The Canadian Entomologist 138: 87-90.

Wesley, Julia. 2002. The impacts of variable retention harvesting on spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis) and canopy-dwelling Lepidopteran parasitoids in the boreal forest. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Alberta. 132 pp.

Wood, C.M. 2012. Saproxylic Beetles (Coleoptera) Associated With Aspen Deadwood in Broad-Leaved Boreal Mixedwood Stands. MSc Thesis. University of Alberta.

Work, T., David P. Shorthouse, John R. Spence, W. Jan. A. Volney, and David Langor. 2004. Stand composition and structure of the boreal mixedwood and epigaeic arthropods of the Ecosystem Management Emulation Natural Disturbance (EMEND) landbase in northwestern Alberta. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 34: 417-430.

Work, T., John Spence, W. Jan A. Volney, Luigi Morgantini, and John Innes. 2003. Integrating biodiversity and forestry practices in Western Canada. Forestry Chronicle. 79(5): 906-916.

Work, T.T., Jacobs, J.M., Spence, J.R., Volney, W.J. 2010. High levels of green-tree retention are required to preserve ground beetle biodiversity in boreal mixedwood forests. Ecological Applications 20:741-751. 10.1890/08-1463.1

Work, T.T., Koivula, M., Klimaszewski J., Langor, D., Spence. J., Sweeny, J., Hebert, C. 2008. Evaluation of carabid beetles as indicators of forest change in Canada. Canadian Journal of Entomology 140: 393-414.

Wu, L. 2018. Disturbance, habitat variability and biodiversity of a boreal carabid (Coleoptera: Carabidae) fauna 15 years after variable retention harvest. MSc Thesis, University of Alberta.

Wu, L., He F, Spence JR. 2020. Recovery of a boreal ground-beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) fauna 15 years after variable retention harvest. Journal of Applied Ecology. 57: 1717-1729. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13687

Alam, H.M.A. 2016. Predicting duff moisture in a boreal forest ecosystem at various retention levels. MSc. University of Alberta, Department of Renewable Resources.

Campbell, D.M.H., White, B., Arp, P.A. 2013. Modeling and mapping soil resistance to penetration and rutting using LiDAR-derived digital elevation data. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 68(6): 460-473.doi:10.2489/jswc.68.6.460

Frey, Brent. 2001. Impacts of forest floor disturbance on vegetation and nutrient dynamics in clear cut and partial cut stands. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Alberta. 86 pp.

Hannam, K., S.A. Quideau, B.E. Kishchuk, S.-W. Oh, and R.E. Wasylishen. 2005. Forest-floor chemical properties are altered by clear-cutting in boreal mixedwood forest stands dominated by trembling aspen and white spruce. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35: 2457-2468

Hannam, K., S.A. Quideau, S-W. Oh, B.E. Kishchuk, and R.E. Wasylishen. 2004. Forest floor composition in aspen- and spruce-dominated stands of the boreal mixedwood forest. Soil Science Society of America Journal 68: 1735-1743.

Hannam, K.D. 2006. The organic matter and microbial community composition of forest floors from boreal mixedwood stands in northern Alberta. PhD. Thesis, University of Alberta.

Hannam, K.D., S.A. Quideau and B.E. Kishchuk. 2006. Forest floor microbial communities in relation to stand composition and timber harvesting in northern Alberta. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 38: 2565 – 2575.

Hannam, K.D., S.A. Quideau, B.E. Kishchuk. 2007. The microbial communities of aspen and spruce forest floors are resistant to changes in litter inputs and microclimate. Applied Soil Ecology 35 (2007) 635 – 647.

Jerabkova, L. 2006. Effect of variable retention harvesting and stand type on soil nitrogen availability in boreal mixedwood forests. PhD. Thesis, University of British Columbia.

Jerabkova, L., and Prescott, C.E. 2007. Post-harvest soil nitrate dynamics in aspen- and spruce-dominated boreal forests. Forest Ecology and Management 242: 209?216.

Jerabkova, L., K.D. Hannam, C.E. Prescott, B. Kishchuk, S. Quideau. 2007. Effect of timber harvesting on the composition and function of soil microbial communities in the boreal mixedwoods, Alberta, Canada. In: Proceedings of the 8th International Seminar Life in Soil (Zivot v pude). 23 rd-24th January 2007, Brno, Czech Republic.

Jerabkova, L., Prescott, C.E., and Kishchuk, B.E. 2006. Effect of variable-retention harvesting on soil nitrogen availability in boreal mixedwood forests. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36: 3029-3038.

Jerabkova, L., Prescott, C.E., and Kishchuk, B.E.. 2006. Nitrogen availability in soil and forest floor of contrasting types of boreal mixedwood forests. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 36: 112-122.

Kishchuk, B.E. 2004. Soils of the ecosystem management emulating natural disturbance (EMEND) experimental area, northwestern Alberta.

Kishchuk, B.E., Sylvie Quideau, Yonghe Wang, and Cindy Prescott. 2014. Long-term soil response to variable-retention harvesting in the EMEND (Ecosystem Management Emulating Natural Disturbance) experiment, northwestern Alberta. Canadian Journal of Soil Science.

Lazaruk, L.W. 2002. The impact of harvesting practices on the biodiversity of Picea glauca ectomycorrhizae. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Alberta, 2002.

Lazaruk, L.W., G. Kernaghan, S.E. Macdonald, and D. Khasa. 2005. The effects of partial cutting on the ectomycorrhizae of Picea glauca in northwestern Alberta. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 35: 1442-1454.

Lindo, Z. 2003. Forest floor properties, nutrient cycling processes, and microarthropod populations in conifer and deciduous stands of the mixed-wood boreal forest following partial and clear-cut harvesting. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Calgary.

Lindo, Z., and Visser, S. 2003. Microbial biomass, nitrogen and phosphorus mineralization, and mesofauna in boreal conifer and deciduous forest floors following partial and clear-cut harvesting. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33: 1610-1620.

McKenzie, C.E. 2017. Soil microbial communities in northern Alberta’s boreal forest floors following resource extraction. MSc. University of Alberta, Department of Renewable Resources.

Sorenson, P. 2011. Forest Floor Development in Reclaimed Boreal Forest Soils of Northern Alberta. MSc. Thesis. University of Alberta, Department of Renewable Resources.

Swallow, M., S.A. Quideau, M.D. MacKenzie, B.E. Kishchuk. 2009. Microbial community structure and function: The effect of silvicultural burning and topographic variability in northern Alberta, Soil Biology & Biochemistry (2009), In Press loi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2009.01.014.

Amiro, Brian. 2001. Paired-tower measurements of carbon and energy fluxes following disturbance in the boreal forest. Global Change Biology 7: 253-268.

Kishchuk, B.E., Morris, D.M., Lorente, M., Keddy, T., Sidders, D., Quideau, S., Thiffault, E., Kwiaton, M., Maynard, D. 2017. Disturbance intensity and dominant cover type influence rate of boreal soil carbon change: A Canadian multi-regional analysis. Forest Ecology and Management 381: 48-62https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2016.09.002

Sewell, P.D. 2018. Seeing the forest for the soil: topographic controls on soil carbon dynamics in the boreal mixedwood forest. MSc. University of Alberta, Department of Renewable Resources.

Sewell, P.D., S.A. Quideau, M. Dyck, S.E. Macdonald. 2020. Long-term effects of harvest on boreal forest soils in relation to a remote sensing-based soil moisture index. Forest Ecology & Management 462: doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2020.117986

Berger, C. 2002. White Spruce seed rain and germination in northwestern Alberta, Canada. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Minnesota. 73 pp.

Berger, Carrie, and Gilmore, D.W. 2003. Germination and survival of spruce seedlings following fire in northwestern Alberta. Northern Journal of Applied Forestry 20(1): 45-47.

Frey, B., Victor J. Lieffers, Alison D. Munson, and Peter V. Blenis. 2003. The influence of partial harvesting and forest floor disturbance on nutrient availability and understory vegetation in boreal mixedwoods. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 33: 1180-1188.

Gilmore, D.W. and C.A. Berger. 2004. White spruce basal area as a predictor of seed rain during an exceptional seed year in northwestern Alberta. Northwest Science 78(1): 75-78.

Gradowski, T. D Sidders, T Keddy, VJ Lieffers, SM Landhäusser. 2008. Effects of overstory retention and site preparation on growth of planted white spruce seedlings in deciduous and coniferous dominated boreal plains mixedwoods. Forest ecology and management 255 (11), 3744-3749

Gradowski, T., Lieffers, V.J., Landhäusser, S.M., Sidders, D., Volney, J. & Spence, J.R. 2010. Regeneration of Populus nine years after variable retention harvest in boreal mixedwood forests. Forest Ecology and Management, 259, 383-389.

Gray, L., and He, F. 2009. Spatial point-pattern analysis for detecting density-dependent competition in a boreal chronosequence of Alberta. Forest Ecology and Management 259:98-106.

Gray, L.K. 2008. Spatial patterning of tree distributions and density-dependent competition in a boreal forest of Alberta. MSc. Thesis. 2008. University of Alberta. 86 pp.

Krebs, V.S. 2016. White spruce advanced regeneration response to Strip Cut Understory Protection harvesting. MSc. University of Alberta, Department of Renewable Resources

Lara Almuedo, P. 2003. Surface fuel characteristics in boreal forests of north-western Alberta: Practical considerations for prescribed burn implementation. MFC Thesis Research Paper, University of Toronto. 49 pp.

Lazaruk, L., S.E. Macdonald, G. Kernaghan. 2008. The effect of mechanical site preparation on ectomycorrhizae of planted white spruce seedlings in conifer-dominated boreal mixedwood forest. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 38: 2072-2079.

Lieffers, V., Spence, J., Sidders, D. 2008. Regeneration of spruce and aspen under different levels of partial harvest in boreal mixed woods SFMN Project: The First Re-measurement Of the Emend Experiment and Associated Work. Sustainable Forest Managment Network, University of Alberta.

Lieffers, V.J., D Sidders, T Keddy, KA Solarik, P Blenis. 2019. A partial deciduous canopy, coupled with site preparation, produces excellent growth of planted white spruce. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 49 (3), 270-280

Rajora, O., I.K. Mann and Y.-X. Shi. 2005. Genetic diversity and population structure of boreal white spruce (Picea glauca) in pristine conifer-dominated and mixedwood forest stands. Canadian Journal of Botany 83: 1096-1105.

Solarik, K.A. 2010. Variable Retention Harvesting: Mortality of Residual Trees and Natural Regeneration of White Spruce. Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta.

Solarik, K.A., Lieffers, V.J., Volney, W.J. A., Pelletier, R., and Spence, J.R. 2010. Seed tree density, variable retention, and stand composition influence recruitments of white spruce in boreal mixedwood forests. Can J For Res 40:1821-1832.

Solarik, K.A., WJA Volney, VJ Lieffers, JR Spence, A Hamann. 2012. Factors affecting white spruce and aspen survival after partial harvest. Journal of Applied Ecology 49 (1), 145-154

Xing, D., J.A.C. Bergeron, K. Solarik, B. Tomm, S.E. Macdonald, J.R. Spence, F. He. 2019. Challenges in estimating forest biomass: use of allometric equations for three boreal species. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 49: 1613-1622doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2019-0258

Xing, D., S.E. Nielsen, S.E. Macdonald, J.R. Spence and F. He. 2018. Survival and growth of residual trees in a variable retention harvest experiment in a boreal mixedwood forest. Forest Ecology and Management 411: 187-194.

Cuthbertson, L. 2005. The ecology of Armillaria sinapina in mixedwood forests of north-western, Alberta, Canada. M.Sc. Thesis, Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta. 156 pp.

He, F. and Tang, D.L.. 2008. Estimating the niche preemption parameter of the geometric series. Acta Oecologica 33:105?107.

Kuuluvainen, T., P. Angelstam, L. Frelich, K. Jogiste, M. Koivula, Y. Kubota, B. Lafleur, S. E. Macdonald. 2021. Natural disturbance-based forest management: moving beyond retention and continuous-cover forestry. Frontiers in Forest and Global Change doi: 10.3389/ffgc.2021.629020

Nijland, W., N.C. Coops, S.E. Macdonald, S.E. Nielsen, C.W.Bater, B.White, J. Ogilvie, J.J. Stadt. 2015. Remote sensing proxies of productivity and moisture predict forest stand type and recovery rate following experimental harvest. Forest Ecology and Management 357: 239-247

Nijland, W., N.C. Coops, S.E. Macdonald, S.E. Nielsen, C.W.Bater, J.J. Stadt. 2015. Comparing patterns in forest stand structure following variable harvests using airborne laser scanning data. Forest Ecology and Management 354: 272-280

Pinzon, J., Tomm, B., Solarik, K., Sidders, D., Langor, D.W., Volney, J. and Spence, J.R. 2024. The Ecosystem Management Emulating Natural Disturbance (EMEND) project: A description of the experiment and data collection. Natural Resources Canada. Edmonton, AB. Inf. Rep. NOR-X-431.

Spence JR, Volney WJA, Lieffers V, Weber MG, and Vinge T 1999. The Alberta EMEND project: recipe and cook's argument. Pages 583-590 In: Veeman TS, Smith DW, Purdy BG, Salkie FJ and Larkin GA, (eds) Proceedings of the 1999 Sustainable Forest Management Network conference-Science and Practice: Sustaining the Boreal Forest. SFM Network, Edmonton

Spence, J.R., Volney, W.J.A. 1999. EMEND Ecosystem Management Emulating Natural Disturbance Project Report 1999-14. Sustainable Forest Management Network, University of Alberta.

Volney WJA, Spence JR, Weber MG, Langor D, Mallett KI, Johnson JD, Edwards IK, Hillman GR, and Kishchuk BE 1999. Assessing components of ecosystem integrity in the EMEND experiment. Pages 224-249 In: Veeman TS, Smith DW, Purdy BG, Salkie FJ and Larkin GA, (eds) Proceedings of the 1999 Sustainable Forest Management Network conference-Science and Practice: Sustaining the Boreal Forest. SFM Network, 14-17 February, 1999, Edmonton, AB